which is functioning adjectivally. The suggestion of Michaels (7) that παρεπιδήμοις is the adjectival term is unlikely in light of the fact that παρεπίδημος is substantival in 2:11 and in its three other occurences in biblical literature (LXX Gen 23:4; Ps 38:13; Heb 11:13). Achtemeier (1996, 81) and Jobes (75) understand both ἐκλεκτοῖς and παρεπιδήμοις to be substantival, though ἐκλεκτοῖς is more likely adjectival, as in 2:9. Significant debate exists as to whether παρεπίδημος (“alien, exile”)